Met Metabolismo intermediario de Blastocystis spp

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.11.10

Resumen

Blastocystis es un stramenopile o cromista, pleomórfico no móvil. Se han identificado diecinueve subtipos de este organismo (ST1-ST19). Tiene una presencia a nivel mundial. Este microorganismo tiene un metabolismo intermediario anaeróbico. Un aspecto interesante de la bioquímica de este stramenopile está dado por la presencia de organelas similares a mitocondrias con un conjunto de rutas: cadena de fosforilación oxidativa incompleta, ciclo de Krebs parcial, metabolismo de ácidos grasos (anabolismo y catabolismo), metabolismo de aminoácidos y ensamblaje de proteínas con centros hierro/azufre. El tratamiento se ha basado tradicionalmente en metronidazol y otros imidazoles. Sin embargo, hay un número creciente de cepas resistentes a esos medicamentos. La reciente obtención del genoma nuclear y los estudios bioquímicos, proteómicos, metabolómicos, interactómicos permitirán el desarrollo racional de nuevos fármacos curativos. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el metabolismo de Blastocystis spp.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Skotarczak B. Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Blastocystis. Ann Agric Environ Med [Internet]. 2018 [citado 01 Mar 2020]; 25 (3): 411-416. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30260199/.

Mohammad NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Moktar N, Anuar TS. Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection among underprivileged communities in rural Malaysia. Asian Pac J Trop Med [Internet]. 2017 [citado 29 Nov 2019]; 10(5): 491-497. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28647187/.

AbuOdeh R, Ezzedine S, Samie A, Stensvold CR, ElBakri A. Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in healthy individuals in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Infect Genet Evol [Internet]. 2016 [citado 11 Dic 2020]; 37: 158-162. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26611823/.

Yason JA, Tan KSW. Seeing the Whole Elephant: Imaging Flow Cytometry Reveals Extensive Morphological Diversity within Blastocystis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 [citado 01 Nov 2019]; 10(11): e0143974. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618361/.

Vielma JR. Blastocystosis: Epidemiological, clinical, pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. Invest Clin [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05 Ene 2020]; 60(1): 53-78. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22209/IC.v60n106.

Vielma-Guevara JR, Chacín-Bonilla L. Blastocystis spp. Infection: Update on Metabolism. Epidemiology, Immunopathology, and Clinical Relevance. 1a ed.Riga, Latvia: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing; 2020.

Vielma JR, Pérez IF, Villarreal Andrade JC, Vegas ML, Reimi Y, Belisario M, et al. Prevalencia de Blastocystis spp. y enteroparásitos en pacientes que asisten a dos instituciones de salud pública, occidente venezolano. Acta Bioclínica [Internet]. 2017 [citado 28 Oct 2019]; 7(14): 80-99. Disponible en: http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/actabioclinica/article/view/8358/8302.

Jiménez PA, Jaimes JE, Ramírez JD. A summary of Blastocystis subtypes in North and South America. Parasites Vectors [Internet]. 2019 [citado 05 Ene 2020]; 12(1): 376. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31358042/.

Stensvold CR, Clark CG. Current status of Blastocystis: A personal view. Parasitol Int [Internet]. 2016 [citado 01 Dic 2019]; 65(6 Pt B): 763-771. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27247124/.

Noradilah SA, Lee IL, Anuar TS, Salleh FM, Abdul Manap SN, MohdMohtar NS, et al. Occurrence of Blastocystis sp. in water catchments at Malay villages and Aboriginal settlement during wet and dry seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. Peer J [Internet]. 2016 [citado 01 Dic 2019]; 4: e2541. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5068341/.

Gabrielli S, Furzi F, Sulekova LF, Taliani G, Mattiucci S. Occurrence of Blastocystis- subtypes in patients from Italy revealed association of ST3 with a healthy gut microbiota. Parasite Epidemiol Control [Internet]. 2020 [citado 20 Ene 2029]; 9: e00134. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32258445/.

Yoshikawa H, Tokoro M, Nagamoto T, Arayama S, Asih PB, Rozi IE, et al. Molecular survey of Blastocystis sp. from humans and associated animals in an Indonesian community with poor hygiene. Parasitol Int [Internet]. 2016 [citado 01 Mar 2020]; 65(6 Pt B): 780-784. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27080248/.

Vielma JR, Pérez IF, Vegas ML, Reimi Y, Díaz S, Gutiérrez LV. Blastocystis spp. y otros enteroparásitos en personas que asisten al ambulatorio urbano tipo II IPASME-Barinas. Observador del Conocimiento [Internet]. 2016 [citado 01 Nov 2020]; 3(2): 69-74. Disponible en: https://issuu.com/oncti/docs/revista_oc_vol3n2/71.

Greige S, El Safadi D, Bécu N, Gantois N, Pereira B, Chabé M, et al. Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. isolates from poultry in Lebanon and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11(1): 389.

Vielma JR, Delgado Y, Bravo YA, Gutiérrez Peña LV, Villarreal JC. Enteroparasites and thermotolerant coliforms in wáter and human feces of sectors Juan de Dios González and El Moralito, Colón Municipality, Zulia State. Acta Bioclínica [Internet]. 2016 [citado 04 Ene 2020]; 6(11): 25-43. Disponible en: http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/actabioclinica/article/view/7361/7230.

Heudorf U, Karathana M, Krackhardt B, Huber M, Raupp P, Zinn C. Surveillance for parasites in unaccompanied minor refugees migrating to Germany in 2015. GMS Hyg Infect Control [Internet] 2016 [citado 20 Enero 2020]; 11. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26958459/.

El Safadi D, Gaayeb L, Meloni D, Cian A, Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, et al. Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14: 164.

D'Alfonso R, Santoro M, Essi D, Monsia A, Kaboré Y, Glé C, et al. Blastocystis in Côte d'Ivoire: molecular identification and epidemiological data. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017; 36(11): 2243-50.

Reh L, Muadica AS, Köster PC, Balasegaram S, Verlander NQ, Chércoles ER, et al. Substantial prevalence of enteroparasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Madrid, Spain, November 2017 to June 2018. Euro Surveill [Internet]. 2019 [citado 02 Ene 2020]; 24(43): 1900241. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662160/.

Vielma-Guevara JR, Díaz Y, Pérez Z, Villarreal-Andrade JC, Gutiérrez-Peña LV. Blastocystis spp. y enteroparásitos en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Doctor Adolfo Pons, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Avan Biomed [Internet]. 2019 [citado 27 Ago 2020]; 8(3): In Press. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342530972_Blastocystis_spp_y_otros_enteroparasitos_en_pacientes_atendidos_en_el_Hospital_Doctor_Adolfo_Pons_Maracaibo_Venezuela.

Hidalgo L, Salvador F, Sulleiro E, López I, Balladares M, García E, et al. Evaluation of risk factors associated to detection of Blastocystis sp. in fecal samples in population from Barcelona, Spain: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 38(7): 1241-1247.

Scanlan PD, Knight R, Song SJ, Ackermann G, Cotter PD. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in family units living in the United States. Infect Genet Evol [Internet] 2016 [citado 26 Dic 2019]; 45: 95-97. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27545648/.

Forsell J, Granlund M, Samuelsson L, Koskiniemi S, Edebro H, Evengård B. High occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtypes 1-3 and Giardia intestinalis assemblage B among patients in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Parasit Vectors [Internet] 2016 [citado 01 Nov 2019]; 9(1): 370. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27356981/.

Osman M, El Safadi D, Cian A, Benamrouz S, Nourrisson C, Poirier P, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intestinal Protozoan Infections with Cryptosporidium, Giardia,Blastocystis and Dientamoeba among Schoolchildren in Tripoli, Lebanon. PloS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]. 2016 [citado el 05 Ene 2020]; 10: e0004496.Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26974335/.

Figueroa-Lara M, Cedeño-García D. Evaluación clínica y coprológica en sujetos sintomáticos y asintomáticos con infección por Blastocystis spp. Kasmera [Internet]. 2020 [citado 01 Feb 2020]; 48: e48121092019. Disponible en: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1099571.

Zhang SX, Yang CL, Gu WP, Ai L, Serrano E, Yang P, et al. Case-control study of diarrheal disease etiology in individuals over 5 years in southwest China. Gut Pathog [Internet]. 2016 [citado 03 Ene 2020]; 8: 58. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27891182/.

Vassalos CM, Papadopoulou C, Vakalis NC. Blastocystosis: an emerging or re-emerging potential? Vet Ital. 2008; 44 (4): 679-684.

Garavelli PL. Blastocystosis or Zierdt-Garavelli disease: a clinical pathway. Recenti Prog Med [Internet]. 2006 [citado 20 Nov 2020]; 97(7-8): 397-400. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16913176/.

El Safadi D, Cian A, Nourrisson C, Pereira B, Morelle C, Bastien P, et al. Prevalence, risk factors for infection and subtype distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. from a large-scale multi-center study in France. BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16(1): 451.

Cifre S, Gozalbo M, Ortiz V, Soriano JM, Merino JF, Trelis M. Blastocystis subtypes and their association with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2018; 116: 4-9.

Johnson AM, Thanou A, Boreham PF, Baverstock PR. Blastocystis hominis: phylogenetic affinities determined by rRNA sequence comparison. Exp Parasitol [Internet]. 1989 [citado 02 Ene 2020]; 68(3): 283-288. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2649390/.

Chacín Bonilla L. Aspectos controversiales de Blastocystis hominis: Taxonomía y concepto emergente de patogenicidad. Invest Clin [Internet]. 1991 [citado 02 Feb 2020]; 32(4): 147-148. Disponible en: https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/investigacion/article/view/28196.

Chacín-Bonilla L. Perfil epidemiológico de las enfermedades infecciosas en Venezuela. Invest Clin [Internet]. 2017 [citado 10 Ene 2020]; 58(2): 103-105. Disponible en: http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0535-51332017000200001.

Silberman JD, Sogin ML, Leipe DD, Clark CG. Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature [Internet]. 1996 [citado 10 Ene 2020]; 380(6573): 398. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8602239/.

35. Ho LC, Armiugam A, Jeyaseelan K, Yap EH, Singh M. Blastocystis elongationfactor-1alpha: genomic organization, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. Parasitology. 2000; 121(Pt 2): 135-44.

Arisue N, Hashimoto T, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura Y, Nakamura G, Nakamura F, et al. Phylogenetic position of Blastocystis hominis and of stramenopiles inferred from multiple molecular sequence data. J Eukaryot Microbiol [Internet]. 2002 [citado 17 Ene 2020]; 49(1): 42-53. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11908898/.

Zaman V. The diagnosis of Blastocystis cysts in human faeces. J Infect. 1996; 33: 15-6. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8842989/.

Das R, Khalil S, Mirdha BR, Makharia GK, Dattagupta S, Chaudhry R. Molecular Characterization and Subtyping of Blastocystis Species in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients from North India. PloS ONE [Internet]. 2016 [citado 04 Nov 2019]; 11: e0147055. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26784888/.

Ramírez-Miranda ME, Hernández-Castellanos R, López-Escamilla E, Moncada D, Rodríguez-Magallan A, Pagaza-Melero C, et al. Parasites in Mexican Patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study. Parasit Vectors. 2010; 3: 96.

Casero RD, Mongi F, Sánchez A, Ramirez JD. Blastocystis and urticaria: Examination of subtypes and morphotypes in an unusual clinical manifestation. Acta Trop. 2015; 148: 156-161.

Yersal O, Malatyali E, Ertabaklar H, Oktay E, Barutca S, Ertug S. Blastocystis subtypes in cancer patients: Analysis of possible risk factors and clinical characteristics. Parasitol Int. 2016; 65(6 Pt B): 792-796.

Tan KS, Singh M, Yap EH. Recent advances in Blastocystis hominis research: hot spots in terra incognita. Int J Parasitol. 2002; 32 (7): 789-804.

Tan KSW. New Insights on Classification, Identification, and Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev [Internet]. 2008 [citado 01 Dic 2019]; 21(4): 639-665. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570156/.

Escobedo A, Nuñez FA. Blastocystis hominis infection in Cuban AIDS patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1997; 92(3): 321-322.

Denoeud F, Roussel M, Noel B, Wawrzyniak I, Da Silva C, Diogon M, et al. Genome sequence of the Stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite. Gen Biol [Internet]. 2011 [citado 01 Oct 2019]; 12: R29. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21439036/.

Wawrzyniak I, Roussel M, Diogon M, Couloux A, Texier C, Tan KS, et al. Complete circular DNA in the mitochondria-like organelles of Blastocystis hominis. Int J Parasitol [Internet]. 2008 [citado 01 Dic 2019]; 38(12): 1377-1382. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18694756/.

Stechmann A, Hamblin K, Perez-Brocal V, Gaston D, Richmond GS, van der Giezen M, et al. Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. Curr Biol. 2008, 18(8): 580-585.

Murray RK, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly PJ, Rodwell VW, Weil PA. Harper Bioquímica ilustrada. 29a ed. México: McGraw Hill Lange; 2018.

Keenan TW, Zierdt CH. Lipid biosynthesis by axenic strains of Blastocystis hominis. Comp Biochem Physiol Biochem Mol Biol. 1994, 107(4): 525-531.

Armengaud J, Pible O, Gaillard JC, Cian A, Gantois N, Tan KSW, et al. Proteogenomic Insights into the Intestinal Parasite Blastocystis sp. Subtype 4 Isolate WR1. Proteomics. 2017; 17(21).

Kalyanaraman B. Teaching the basics of redox biology to medical and graduate students: Oxidants, antioxidants and disease mechanisms. Redox Biol. 2013; 1(1): 244-257.

Vielma JR, Bonilla E, Chacín-Bonilla L, Mora M, Medina-Leendertz S, Bravo Y. Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review. Acta Trop [Internet]. 2014 [citado 16 Nov 2019]; 137: 31-38. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24811367.

Vielma JR, Picón D, Gutiérrez LV, Lara ND. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis: genes, oxidative stress and immunopathogeny. A qualitative systematic review. Avan Biomed [Internet]. 2018 [citado 20 Dic 2019]; 7(2): 100-111. Disponible en: http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/biomedicina/article/view/12741/21921923844.

Reiter RJ. Melatonin: lowering the high Price of free radicals. News Physiol Sci. 2000; 15: 246-250.

Putignani L, Tait A, Smith HV, Horner D, Tovar J, Tetley L, et al. Characterization of a mitochondrion-like organelle in Cryptosporidium parvum. Parasitology. 2004; 129(Pt1): 1-18.

Henriquez FL, Richards TA, Roberts F, McLeod R, Roberts CW. The unusual mitochondrial compartment of Cryptosporidium parvum. Trends Parasitol. 2005, 21(2): 68-74.

Tsaousis AD, Hamblin KA, Elliott CR, Young L, Rosell-Hidalgo A, Gourlay CW, et al. The Human Gut Colonizer Blastocystis Respires Using Complex II and Alternative Oxidase to Buffer Transient Oxygen Fluctuations in the Gut. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet]. 2018 [citado 01 Mar 2020]; 8: 371. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30406045/.

Embley TM, Martin W. Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges. Nature. 2006; 440(7084): 623-630.

Tovar J. Mitosomes of parasitic protozoa: Biology and evolutionary significance. En: Martin WF, Müller M, editores. Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2007. p. 277-300.

Burri L, Williams BA, Bursac D, Lithgow T, Keeling PJ. Microsporidian mitosomes retain elements of the general mitochondrial targeting system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006; 103(43): 15916-15920.

Tsaousis AD, Gaston D, Stechmann A, Walker PB, Lithgow T, Roger AJ. A functional Tom70 in the human parasite Blastocystis sp.: implications for the evolution of the mitochondrial import apparatus. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28: 781-791.Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20871025/.

Von-Känel C, Muñoz-Gómez SA, Oeljeklaus S, Wenger C, Warscheid B, Wideman JG, et al. Homologue replacement in the import motor of the mitochondrial inner membrane of trypanosomes. Elife [Internet]. 2020 [citado 27 Feb 2020]; 9: e52560. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32105215/.

Van-Grinsven KW, Rosnowsky S, van Weelden SW, Putz S, van der Giezen M, Martin W, et al. Acetate: succinate CoA-transferase in the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis: identification and characterization. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283(3): 1411-1418.

Hoffmeister M, van der Klei A, Rotte C, van Grinsven KW, van Hellemond JJ, Henze K, et al. Euglena gracilis rhodoquinone: ubiquinone ratio and mitochondrial proteome differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279(21): 22422-22429.

Tielens AG, Rotte C, van Hellemond JJ, Martin W. Mitochondria as we don’t know them. Trends Biochem Sci. 2002; 27(11): 564-572.

Vielma JR, Urdaneta-Romero H, Villarreal JC, Paz LA, Gutiérrez LV, Mora M, et al. Neurocysticercosis: Clinical aspects, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development. Epidemiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 03 Ene 2020]; 4(3): 156. Disponible en: https://www.omicsonline.org/peer-reviewed/neurocysticercosis-clinical-aspects-immunopathology-diagnosis-treatment-and-vaccine-development-26579.html.

Basyoni MMA, Fouad SA, Amer MF, Amer AF, Ismail DI. Atorvastatin: In-Vivo Synergy with Metronidazole as Anti-Blastocystis Therapy. Korean J Parasitol. 2018; 56(2): 105-112.

Nieves-Ramírez ME, Partida-Rodríguez O, Laforest-Lapointe I, Reynolds LA, Brown EM, Valdez-Salazar A, et al. Asymptomatic Intestinal Colonization with Protist Blastocystis Is Strongly Associated with Distinct Microbiome Ecological Patterns. mSystems [Internet]. 2018 [citado 16 Ene 2020]; 3: e00007-18. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29963639/.

Chacín-Bonilla L, Vielma, JR, Bonilla E. Should Melatonin be Considered a Complementary or Alternative Therapy against Parasitic Infections? Epidemiol [Internet]. 2014 [citado 14 Nov 2019]; 4(4): e117. Disponible en: https://www.omicsonline.org/blog/2015/05/16/12659-Melatonin-againstParasitic-Infections.html.

Chacín-Bonilla L, Vielma JR. Ciclosporiasis: distribución, prevalencia y control. Invest Clin [Internet]. 2018 [citado 16 Ene 2020]; 59(1): 67-93. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/3729/372959403008/html/index.html.

Archivos adicionales

Publicado

2021-06-01

Cómo citar

Vielma Guevara, J. R., & Buelvas Jimenez, N. (2021). Met Metabolismo intermediario de Blastocystis spp. Revista Eugenio Espejo, 15(2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.11.10

Número

Sección

Artículos de revisión