cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
36
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
28. Buonanno C, Iuliano E, Grossi G, Mancini F, Stendardo E, Tudisco F, et al. Forgiveness in the
Modulation of Responsibility in a Sample of Italian Adolescents with a Tendency towards
๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
11(10):1333. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1333.
29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
um.es/analesps/article/view/178511.
30. Steger M, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):206. Available from: https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
Scale: Initial evidence of validity and reliability in the Peruvian context. Rev Argent Cienc
๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
org/journal/3334/333464720004/.
35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02310643.
36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎ธ๎ฏ๎ผ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
37
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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Modulation of Responsibility in a Sample of Italian Adolescents with a Tendency towards
๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
56. Salgado-Levano C, Grimaldo M, Correa-Rojas J, Mori-Sรกnchez M del P, Riveros-Paredes P.
Spiritual well-being and its influence on forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience in university
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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57. Tala ร, Valanzuela J. If I Want to Heal, I Should Forgive: A Review on Forgiveness and
๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ถ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎ธ๎ฏ๎ผ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
fpsyg.2019.01525/full.
64. Abu H, Ayten A. Religious Involvement, Interpersonal Forgiveness and Mental Health and
๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
Available from: https://hts.org.za/index.php/hts/article/view/7172.
66. Culver J. How Consistency in Closeness to God Predicts Psychological Resources and Life
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
68. Nur V, Ayriza Y, Setyo Y. Religiosity and Life Satisfaction in Indonesia: Evidence from a
๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
38
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
5765.
5. Chan G. Meaning of life and goals of students in teacher training: the case of a Mexican university.
๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
39
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
60(1):500โ516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8.
41. Seyma N, Soyer F, Mustafa K. Examination of meaning in life, forgiveness flexibility, cognitive
flexibility, and psychological symptoms in individuals doing sports and not doing sports in
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
42. Dahiya R, Rangnekar S. Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction:
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ต๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
๎ ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
50. Carranza R, Turpo J, Mamani O, Torres J, Arenaza F. Spirituality and religiousness as predictors
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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52. Chan G. Meaning of life: a tool for training university students in southeastern Mexico. RIDE
๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/937.
Variable
Scale
No.
%
Sex
Female
357
56.4
Male
276
43.6
Relationship status
Married
53
8.4
Cohabitant
14
2.2
Divorced
1
0.2
In a relationship
85
13.4
Separate
4
0.6
Single
473
74.7
Widower
3
0.5
Level of education
Primary
5
0.8
Secondary
151
23.9
Superior
400
63.2
Technical
65 10.3
๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID 19 lockdown. Scand
๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
library.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjop.12813.
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๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎
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full.
55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
56. Salgado-Levano C, Grimaldo M, Correa-Rojas J, Mori-Sรกnchez M del P, Riveros-Paredes P.
Spiritual well-being and its influence on forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience in university
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
58. Zรกhorcovรก L, Zelenรกkovรก B. Qualitative analysis of a Slovakian sample of the lay population's
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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60. Haikola A. Conversations with God: How Are Religion and Spirituality Used to Make Sense
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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62. Salmani S, Biderafsh A, Aliakbarzadeh Z. The Relationship Between Spiritual Development
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๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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63. Villani D, Sorgente A, Iannello P, Antonietti A. The Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in
๎ถ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎ธ๎ฏ๎ผ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
fpsyg.2019.01525/full.
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
40
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
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14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
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37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
๎ ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/937.
Residential area
Rural
206
32.5
Urban
427
67.5
Religion
390 58.6
Seventh-day Adventist
Catholic
150
23.7
Evangelical
73
11.5
Mormon
2
0.3
Jehovah's Witness
6
0.9
Other
17
2.7
Frequency of participation
in religious programs and
activities
Very often
227
35.9
Often
148
23.7
Occasionally
160
25.3
Rarely
98
15.5
๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID 19 lockdown. Scand
๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
library.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjop.12813.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
56. Salgado-Levano C, Grimaldo M, Correa-Rojas J, Mori-Sรกnchez M del P, Riveros-Paredes P.
Spiritual well-being and its influence on forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience in university
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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57. Tala ร, Valanzuela J. If I Want to Heal, I Should Forgive: A Review on Forgiveness and
๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
58. Zรกhorcovรก L, Zelenรกkovรก B. Qualitative analysis of a Slovakian sample of the lay population's
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ถ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎ธ๎ฏ๎ผ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
fpsyg.2019.01525/full.
64. Abu H, Ayten A. Religious Involvement, Interpersonal Forgiveness and Mental Health and
๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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66. Culver J. How Consistency in Closeness to God Predicts Psychological Resources and Life
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
68. Nur V, Ayriza Y, Setyo Y. Religiosity and Life Satisfaction in Indonesia: Evidence from a
๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
41
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
5765.
5. Chan G. Meaning of life and goals of students in teacher training: the case of a Mexican university.
๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
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Variable
M
SD
Asymmetry
Kurtosis
Sense of life 51.28 8.667 -0.538 0.851
Probability of
Forgiveness 21.52 8,259 0.265 -0.60 1
Religious faith
83.91
11,487
-0.555
1,328
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
42
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
60(1):500โ516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8.
41. Seyma N, Soyer F, Mustafa K. Examination of meaning in life, forgiveness flexibility, cognitive
flexibility, and psychological symptoms in individuals doing sports and not doing sports in
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
42. Dahiya R, Rangnekar S. Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction:
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
๎ ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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52. Chan G. Meaning of life: a tool for training university students in southeastern Mexico. RIDE
๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/937.
Variable
M
SD
Asymmetry
Kurtosis
Sense of life 51.28 8.667 -0.538 0.851
Probability of
Forgiveness 21.52 8,259 0.265 -0.60 1
Religious faith
83.91
11,487
-0.555
1,328
Variable Meaning of life Probability of forgiveness Religious faith
Meaning of life 1
Probability of
Forgiveness 0.102 ๎ 1
Religious faith
0.879๎๎
0.199 ๎
1
๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID 19 lockdown. Scand
๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
56. Salgado-Levano C, Grimaldo M, Correa-Rojas J, Mori-Sรกnchez M del P, Riveros-Paredes P.
Spiritual well-being and its influence on forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience in university
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ถ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎ธ๎ฏ๎ผ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
fpsyg.2019.01525/full.
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
68. Nur V, Ayriza Y, Setyo Y. Religiosity and Life Satisfaction in Indonesia: Evidence from a
๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
43
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
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14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
๎ ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/937.
Predictors
B
SE
๎
t
p
(Constants)
-4,381
1,212
-3,615
0.00
Religious
faith 0.663 0.014 0.879 46,361 0.00
๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID 19 lockdown. Scand
๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
library.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sjop.12813.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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full.
55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
44
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
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๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
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Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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30. Steger M, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):206. Available from: https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
60(1):500โ516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8.
41. Seyma N, Soyer F, Mustafa K. Examination of meaning in life, forgiveness flexibility, cognitive
flexibility, and psychological symptoms in individuals doing sports and not doing sports in
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
42. Dahiya R, Rangnekar S. Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction:
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
10.1177/0265407520956710.
67. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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46
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
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14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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47
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
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๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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48
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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30. Steger M, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):206. Available from: https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
60(1):500โ516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8.
41. Seyma N, Soyer F, Mustafa K. Examination of meaning in life, forgiveness flexibility, cognitive
flexibility, and psychological symptoms in individuals doing sports and not doing sports in
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
42. Dahiya R, Rangnekar S. Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction:
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
10.1177/0265407520956710.
67. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
Nรบmero 3
49
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
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14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
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Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
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๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
27. Ramรญrez M, Serra E. Does Christian Spirituality Enhance Psychological Interventions on
Forgiveness, Gratitude, and the Meaning of Life? A Quasi-Experimental Intervention with
๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/10/2/22.
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๎ ๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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29. Ato M, Lรณpez J, Benavente A. A classification system for research designs in psychology. An
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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30. Steger M, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
31. Gรณngora V, Castro A. Validation of the Meaning of Life Questionnaire MLQ in the Argentine
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
32. Travezaรฑo A, Vilca L, Quiroz J, Huerta S, Delgado R, Caycho T. Meaning of life questionnaire
(MLQ) in Peruvian undergraduate students: study of its psychometric properties from the
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ท๎ท๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):206. Available from: https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s40359-022-00913-6.
33. Rye M, Loiacono D, Folck C, Olszewski B, Heim T, Madia B. Evaluation of the psychometric
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
260โ277. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6.
34. Caycho T, Ventura J, Arias W, Azabache K, Rodriguez L, Moreno J. Probability of Forgiveness
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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35. Plante T, Boccaccini M. Reliability and validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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36. Caycho-Rodrรญguez T, Vilca LW, Plante TG, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Aranรญbar D, Carbajal-Leรณn
C, et al. Strength of Religious Faith in Peruvian Adolescents and Adults: Psychometric
Evidence from the Original and Short Versions of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
๎ด๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11089-021-00972-3.
37. Lilliefors HW. On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Normality with Mean and Variance
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ค๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
38. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
S2452247318302164.
39. Pรฉrez E, Medrano L. Exploratory Factor Analysis: Conceptual and Methodological Basis.
๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
40. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ฌ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ค๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎
๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
60(1):500โ516. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8.
41. Seyma N, Soyer F, Mustafa K. Examination of meaning in life, forgiveness flexibility, cognitive
flexibility, and psychological symptoms in individuals doing sports and not doing sports in
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
42. Dahiya R, Rangnekar S. Relationship between forgiveness at work and life satisfaction:
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎
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๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
65. Sholihin M, Hardivizon H, Wanto D, Saputra H. The effect of religiosity on life satisfaction: A
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎ท๎ถ๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
10.1177/0265407520956710.
67. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
psychotherapy.1966.20.2.252.
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๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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52
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
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14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎ฌ๎ฆ๎จ๎ท๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฒ๎ฅ๎ฌ๎ฑ๎ถ๎ฒ๎ฑ๎
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10(1):38. Available from: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/19625.
Meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith in adults
Sentido de vida, probabilidad de perdรณn y fe religiosa en adultos
https://doi.org/10.37135/ee.04.24.03
Authors:
Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-479X
Gerson Venturo Lopez๏ - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2454-3099
Sintia Salas Tuanama๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4755
Jessica Aranda Turpo๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1560
Joel Palomino Ccasa๏ - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-9044
Affiliation:
๏Peruvian Union University, School of Psychology.
Corresponding author: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo. Peruvian Union University. Mailing address:
Ave. Beirut s/n Bongara, Peru. E-mail: luzedquen@upeu.edu.pe. - edquen.a99@gmail.com Telephone:
986309853.
Received: march 19, 2025 Accepted: july 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to determine whether the probability of granting forgiveness and religious faith
predict the meaning of life in young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. A cross-sectional
study with a predictive design was conducted. The sample consisted of 756 participants, including
both youth and adults. The instruments used were the Meaning in Life Scale, the Probability of
Forgiveness Scale, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. The data collected
were analyzed using correlation coefficients and linear regression models. The results revealed a
statistically significant relationship between religious faith and the sense of life. Linear regression
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
that the regression model has a large effect size, meaning that religious faith explains 77 % of the
variance in sense of life. Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients were highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of the meaning of life in both young people and adults.
Keywords: Interpersonal Relationships, Spirituality, Adults.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la probabilidad de otorgar perdรณn y la fe religiosa predicen
el sentido de vida en jรณvenes y adultos de la regiรณn San Martรญn. Para ello, se empleรณ un estudio de tipo
transversal con un diseรฑo predictivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 756 participantes, entre jรณvenes
y adultos. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la Escala de Significado de Vida, la Escala de Probabilidad
de Perdรณn y el Cuestionario de Fortaleza de la Fe Religiosa de Santa Clara.
Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante coeficientes de correlaciรณn y modelos de regresiรณn
lineal. Los resultados evidenciaron una relaciรณn estadรญsticamente significativa entre la fe religiosa y el
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
impacto significativo sobre el sentido de vida en los participantes, siendo una variable predictora
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
alto, es decir, que la fe religiosa explica el 77 % de la varianza en el sentido de vida. Ademรกs, los valores
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resultados permiten afirmar que la fe religiosa es un predictor significativo del sentido de vida en jรณvenes
y adultos.
Palabras clave: relaciones interpersonales, espiritualidad, adultos.
INTRODUCTION
In Peru, the most frequently diagnosed mental health problem is anxiety, affecting 28.81% of the
population, followed by depression, at 17.57 %. Both disorders are most common in the adult population
(35.18 %) and young people (22.17 %).(1)
From a psychological perspective, both depression and anxiety are often related to difficulty finding a
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎(2) this situation negatively impacts physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, and
social well-being.(3)
In this framework, human beings are constantly seeking coherence, meaning, and purpose that allows
them to give meaning to their existence.(4) Such search is conceived as an inherent need of the individual,
which can be developed both individually,(5) and in interaction with their social environment(6,7) In this
sense, the purpose fulfills the function of guiding integral growth(8) and is expressed through optimism,
faith, spirituality,(9) as well as hope, responsibility and proactivity,(10) constituting a key motivational
factor to achieve goals and strengthen decision making.(11)
On the contrary, when a person lacks a sense of purpose in life, the risk of developing various psychological
disorders increases,(2,12) such as noogenic neurosis,(13) suicidal behavior, addiction to smartphones,(14) or
online games.(15) In addition, they may adopt dysfunctional values(10) and experience existential voids
characterized by pessimism, hopelessness, and conformism,(16) which limits their ability to make
positive changes in their lives.(17) Likewise, people who have grown up with absent parents tend to
face greater difficulties in finding a sense of purpose in life as adults, as they often experience deep
feelings of loneliness.(18)
In this regard, a study conducted in Poland revealed that experiencing God's presence plays a significant
role in building meaning in life.(19) Similarly, it was shown that this experience is positively and
significantly associated with the search for life purpose.(20)
On the other hand, in Australia, it was found that religious faith has a favorable effect on youth,
directly influencing their personal growth.(21) During this period, young people explore their place in
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
transform their lives positively or negatively.(9)
In this context, religion emerges as an integral component,(11) fulfilling various essential functions(22)
through which young people can find a profound meaning in their existence.(23) Indeed, religious faith
plays a vital role in psychological well-being,(24) as it acts as a coping mechanism that provides hope
and guides the definition of life goals.(25)
Likewise, religiosity is related to the capacity to forgive and is closely connected to the meaning of
life.(5) Forgiveness, conceived as a conscious decision, allows us to free ourselves from negative
emotions(26) and promotes reconciliation, creating opportunities to overcome bitterness and foster
healthy interpersonal relationships.(19) In this way, the willingness to forgive could constitute a bridge
between religious faith and the meaning of life.(23)
In Spain, research has shown that forgiveness, spirituality, and religiosity are associated with the
design of effective psychological interventions aimed at enhancing personal well-being.(27) In
contrast, when the willingness to forgive is low, an increase in guilt levels is observed.(28)
The present study analyzed these variables in a specific age group, thereby expanding knowledge in
a field that has so far received little attention. The results and conclusions obtained will serve as a
basis for future research, thereby contributing to the development of studies at regional, national, and
international levels.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the likelihood of granting forgiveness
and religious faith predict the meaning of life among young people and adults in the San Martรญn
region.
METHODOLOGY
This research is of an empirical, non-experimental type, employing an associative approach, specifically
a cross-sectional predictive study, as the functional relationship between variables was analyzed to
predict a criterion variable from one or more factors.(29)
For participant selection, non-probability convenience sampling was used, selecting participants
deemed most suitable by the research team. The inclusion criteria were: being between 18 and 30
years old, belonging to a Christian religion, and completing the entire questionnaire. Those who did
not meet the established age range and those who were foreigners were excluded.
A total of 756 young people and adults from the San Martรญn region were surveyed. Of these, 69 did
not profess any religion, 31 were outside the age range, and 23 decided not to participate in the study,
resulting in a final sample of 633 people. 56.4 % of the participants were women between 18 and 30
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ง๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
resided in urban areas (67.5 %), and identified as Seventh-day Adventists (58.6 %). Furthermore,
35.9% of participants frequently attended religious programs and activities.
Table 1. Participant characteristics
The Meaning of Life (MLQ) instrument was used, developed in the United States by,(30) and adapted
for use in Spanish in Argentina. Additionally, it was adapted and validated for use with young people
and adults aged 18 to 40 in Peru.(32)
This questionnaire consists of ten items, presenting seven Likert-type response categories, from 1 to
7: 1) Absolutely false and 7) Absolutely true. They are composed of two dimensions: the presence
of meaning and the search for meaning. Regarding its psychometric properties, the scale has validity
๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
In addition to the scale of probability of forgiveness, created by Rye, Loiacono, Folck, Olszewski,
Heim, and Madia.(33) in Argentina. Adapted and validated in Peru by Caycho Tet., al (34) for young
people aged 16 to 30, it consists of 8 items and is unidimensional. It presents a Likert-type score with
5 response categories, ranging from 1 ("not at all likely") to 5 ("completely likely"). The instrument
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ต๎ฐ๎ต๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ฌ๎ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
as indicated by the omega coefficient of 0.83.
The Saint Clare Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, created by Plante, Boccaccini (35) adapted
for Peruvian adolescents and adults by,(36) is unidimensional consisting of 10 items with 4 Likert-type
response options, ranging from 1 ("totally disagree") to 4 ("totally agree"), who reported favorable
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ค๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฉ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎ฏ๎ฌ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎ฐ๎ถ๎จ๎ค๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฎ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ฆ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
For data processing, Microsoft Excel was used for data treatment, including recoding, eliminating
missing data, and calculating variables. Additionally, IBM SPSS Statistics V.29.0 was used for variable
correlation, and Jamovi (v.1.2.2t7) was used for linear regression.
First, a goodness-of-fit test was performed to assess the normality of the data, using the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors (KSL) test, a modification of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that
is recommended due to the latter's limitations, such as the tendency to over-accept the null
hypothesis.(37)
Subsequently, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, since the variables presented a normal
distribution.(38)
The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Peruvian
Union University, following Resolution No. 0108-T-2024/UPeU-FCS-C. Data collection was
conducted using online forms. In the first part, participants were informed of the research objectives.
They were also asked for their informed consent. Their participation was voluntary, and they could
stop answering the questionnaires at any time if they did not wish to continue. The data were treated
confidentially and anonymously and used exclusively for the present research. The authors of this
research declare no conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
The descriptive analysis of the study variables is presented below. The skewness and kurtosis coefficients
of the variables indicate that the sample is parametric, as they do not exceed the range of ยฑ1.5.(39)
Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the variables
Regarding the difference according to sex, there are statistically significant differences between
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
where women have a higher mean with a weak effect size, however, no significant difference was
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 3. Differences between the meaning of life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith
by sex
t-value (Student's t statistic), p-value, cohenโs d (effect size) for D1.
The results of the correlation analysis show a positive and significant relationship between variables
related to meaning in life, likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. The effect size between meaning
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 4. Felt correlation of life, probability of forgiveness, and religious faith
๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
of participants in the San Martรญn region (adjusted R2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
regression model has a high effect size, that is, religious faith predicts 77 % of the meaning of life.
Furthermore, the t-values of the beta regression coefficients for the predictor variable are highly
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Table 5. Prediction on how religious faith influences the meaning of life
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎ ๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต2๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
DISCUSSION
In recent decades, psychology has initiated research on the search for meaning in life in individuals.(40)
In this context, forgiveness and religiosity are proposed as potential mediators to achieve this
meaning.(23) Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the probability of
forgiveness and religious faith predict the meaning of life in young people and adults in the San
Martรญn region.
The comparative results indicate that there are no significant differences in the likelihood of forgiveness
based on gender, which is consistent with the findings of Seyma, Soyer, and Mustafa.(41) This
suggests that, at least in this sample, forgiveness is perceived as a personal trait and part of the lifestyle
of both sexes. Furthermore, previous research has shown that religious individuals are more willing
to acknowledge their mistakes,(42) although some studies also suggest that religious women tend to
forgive more than men.(43)
Regarding religious faith by sex, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed,
consistent with previous findings.(21,44โ47) One possible explanation is that women attend religious
services more frequently and participate more actively in them.(48) In contrast, men tend to live their
faith more intellectually and are less likely to share their religious beliefs.(49) However, the suggestions
made by Tamayo, Rungduin, and Rungduin.(51) who maintains that regardless of sex, the older the
age, the more likely one is to forgive, possibly due to maturity and life experience.
Concerning the meaning of life according to sex, a significant difference was also found in favor of
women. Along the same lines,(52) reported that 31.57 % of women reported a sense of life compared
to 16.87 % of men. This could be because women tend to interact more with their social environment,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก(53) revealed that
men, compared to women, had a greater sense of purpose in life. This reinforces the idea that the
search for purpose is a natural and inherent part of the human experience, capable of opening up
opportunities and addressing personal challenges.
Regarding the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were identified between
meaning in life, the likelihood of forgiveness, and religious faith. Although the correlation between
meaning in life and forgiveness was substantial, the effect size was very weak. Some studies(42, 54, 55)
argue that forgiveness significantly influences the meaning of life since it relieves emotional burdens,
strengthens interpersonal bonds, fosters personal growth, and improves mental health, thereby
contributing to a fuller and more meaningful life.(56,57)
Likewise, a significant relationship was found between religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness,
which aligns with studies indicating that people with religious beliefs tend to experience less anger
and resentment, and show a greater willingness to forgive.(58) In other words, a deeper faith in God is
often related to a lower propensity to hold a grudge. Consequently, religious commitment appears to
play a key role in the ability to forgive.(43)
The joint assessment of forgiveness likelihood and religious faith was also found to be statistically
significant, indicating a correlation between the two variables.(43) People with an established religious
practice tend to be more inclined to forgive, influenced by their values and principles. Religious faith
promotes self-awareness, a crucial factor in forgiveness, and fosters harmonious relationships that
enhance life purpose.(59) This can motivate forgiveness and help people find meaning in life.(60,61)
Similarly, a significant relationship was observed between religious faith and life meaning, in line
with previous studies.(62,63) Additional research supports that religious commitment is an essential
factor in strengthening meaning in life(50) as it creates a positive bond in the individual.(64,65) This
perspective posits that religiosity is closely related to satisfaction in various areas of life,(65) serving
as an important mediator in the pursuit of purpose.
The primary analysis, conducted using linear regression, revealed that religious faith has a significant
impact on the sense of life among young people and adults, a finding consistent with previous
studies.(66)๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
life's purpose. This relationship is explained by the central role of faith in logotherapy, as proposed by
Frankl,(67) which points out that a lack of spiritual strength can generate emotional instability and difficulty
in finding meaning. In this sense, faith activates existential intelligence, facilitating the development of a
system of beliefs and values essential to finding meaning.(40) Furthermore, participation in religious
activities satisfies the need for social belonging, considered fundamental for well-being,(68) which in
turn improves the perception of meaning and satisfaction with life.(50) In summary, the findings
support the significant relationship between the development of faith and meaning in life.(62)
Despite the relevant results, it is necessary to recognize certain limitations.
First, the data were collected using a Microsoft Forms online form, which could have introduced bias
into the responses. However, a sizable sample was achieved.
cc
BY NC ND
ISSN-impreso 1390-7581
ISSN-digital 2661-6742
Volumen 19
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53
REE 19(3) Riobamba sep. - dic. 2025
Second, this was a cross-sectional study with probability sampling, conducted at a single point in time.
Longitudinal studies, which allow for the observation of changes over time, are recommended.
Third, although a significant relationship was found between the likelihood of forgiveness and the other
variables, it was weak. It is recommended that specific forgiveness instruments be employed to obtain
more accurate data and enhance future research.
Fourth, sociodemographic characteristics also represent a limitation, as the sample consisted solely of
young people and adults from the San Martรญn region. Therefore, future research should include people
of other ages and areas to generalize the findings.
Finally, although religious faith was considered a predictor, other equally relevant variablesโsuch as
spirituality, self-esteem, resilience, life satisfaction, suicide, or psychological well-beingโwere not
included. Future correlational, predictive, or explanatory studies could explore these dimensions to gain
a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.
CONCLUSION
This study provided empirical evidence on the role of forgiveness and religious faith as factors related
to meaning in life among young people and adults. The results showed that religious faith is a significant
predictor of meaning in life and can serve as an effective tool for setting goals, fostering motivation,
promoting emotional well-being, and enhancing interpersonal relationships.
In short, it was concluded that religious faith and the likelihood of forgiveness were key elements for
cultivating a more fulfilling life. These findings support the importance of incorporating these factors
into psychological intervention programs, as well as in future research that contributes to the holistic
development of individuals.
Data Availability Statement
The authors made the data that support the conclusions of this article available, without undue reservation.
Funding: This research received no external funding. No financial support from any public or private
institution was obtained for the development of this study, including data collection, statistical analysis,
and manuscript writing. All activities were carried out with the research team's resources.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contribution statement: Luz Angelica Edquรฉn Orrillo, Gerson Venturo Lopez, Sintia Salas Tuanama,
Jessica Aranda Turpo, Joel Palomino Ccasa, carried out the entire research process, collecting updated
scientific information and writing the article.
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๎ต๎ฌ๎ง๎จ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฌ๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
373. Available from: https://www.ride.org.mx/index.php/RIDE/article/view/1248.
6. ๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎ฅ๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
10/adler-understanding-human-nature.pdf.
7. ๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
8. Valarezo D, Vรฉlez K, Placencio M. Meaning of life in underemployed adults and its relationship
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://www.revistaespacios.com/a23v44n04/a23v44n04p05.pdf.
9. Jimรฉnez-Segura F. Sense of Life among university students due to the virtualization of education
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
view/48164.
10. Jimรฉnez-Ribera A, Garcรญa-Alandente J. The meaning of life in stories of discontinuity of criminal
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎
11. Grossoehme D, Friebert S, Baker JN, Tweddle M, Needle J, Chrastek J, et al. Association of
Religious and Spiritual Factors With Patient-Reported Outcomes of Anxiety, Depressive
Symptoms, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.
๎ญ๎ค๎ฐ๎ค๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767212.
12. Garcรญa J, Pรฉrez S, Marco J. Differences in the Meaning in Life of Patients Diagnosed with Mental
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/29186.
13. Shek D, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic:
๎ท๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎
1โ14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330/full.
14. ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ค๎ซ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
Well-Being Among Adults With Physical Disabilities: The Mediator Effect of Meaning in Life.
๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฒ๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525560/full.
15. Kaya A, Tรผrk N, Batmaz H, Griffiths M. Online Gaming Addiction and Basic Psychological
Needs Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Meaning in Life and Responsibility. Int J
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00994-9.
16. Kuk A, Guszkowska M. Changes and Predictors of the Sense of Meaning in Life in Polish
University Students Participating in Psychological Workshops CommunicationโForgivenessโLove.
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-018-0631-1.
17. Handa S, Pereira A, Holmqvist G. The Rapid Decline of Happiness: Exploring Life Satisfaction
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ด๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
18(3):1549โ1579. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11482-023-10153-4.
18. Dameron E, Goeke M. The Relationship between Meaning in Life and the Childhood Family
๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
19. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ท๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4.
20. ๎ช๎ก๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
21. ๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎ค๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ญ๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
023-00197-x.
22. Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the
prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎ฐ๎ฆ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2.
23. ๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
and Meaning in Life Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland? J Relig Health
๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
s10943-023-01842-3.
24. Furtado I, Von S, Leal I. Impact of meaning of life and spirituality on psychological well-being
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎พ๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
25. Virto H, Vargas D, Grajeda P. My God, why have you forsaken me? Stress, anxiety, depression,
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎น๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎
S1134593423000362.
26. Krok D, Zarzycka B. Interpersonal Forgiveness and Meaning in Life in Older Adults: The
๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎ค๎ณ๎ญ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎.
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๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ฏ๎๎๎๎๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ก๎๎ฐ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID 19 lockdown. Scand
๎ญ๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ฆ๎ฒ๎น๎ฌ๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎
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55. ๎ช๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎ฏ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎ผ๎๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ธ๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎จ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ง๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ข๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ป๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
56. Salgado-Levano C, Grimaldo M, Correa-Rojas J, Mori-Sรกnchez M del P, Riveros-Paredes P.
Spiritual well-being and its influence on forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience in university
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎ซ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎ ๎๎๎๎ข๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ ๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
58. Zรกhorcovรก L, Zelenรกkovรก B. Qualitative analysis of a Slovakian sample of the lay population's
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฆ๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฑ๎๎๎๎๎ค๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
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๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ฅ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎บ๎๎๎๎๎ง๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ต๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ถ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎๎๎๎๎ณ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎ฌ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎
๎๎๎๎๎๎พ๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎๎ฉ๎๎
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